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Tuesday, June 10, 2008 Fewer Planes, but Not Fewer Delays The New York (NY) Times Jodi Hilton for The New
York Times Air traffic controllers at
Boston’s Logan International Airport. Despite the efforts of large
airlines to cut costs by grounding planes, traffic has increased at most of the
nation’s top airports. WASHINGTON
— With airlines grounding planes because of fuel costs, there will be
fewer planes in the sky. Logic suggests passengers could hope for fewer delays.
But
the Federal Aviation Administration cautions that air traffic lanes will
continue to be full in air space that is normally crowded. The
reason is that the airlines will contract their flying schedules in less-busy
cities, which never had much congestion to begin with, and landing slots at
busy airports will, for the most part, continue to be fully used, F.A.A. officials say. After all, big airports
are the places where airlines can fill up big planes. “We’re
going to see the concentration of large operators at the large airports,”
said Michael J. Sammartino, director of system operations at the F.A.A.’s
Strategic Command Center in Herndon, Va. Even
so, the agency plans a variety of new steps to reduce delays, relying on new
technologies and procedures. Traffic
at the top 35 airports was up 1.5 percent from October through April, compared
with the same period a year earlier. As always, the pattern among airports was mixed; Seattle-Tacoma
was up 13.9 percent; San Francisco, 9 percent; Orlando, 8.4 percent; Reagan
National Airport in Washington, 8.3 percent; and Charlotte, N.C., 7 percent.
Two historically congested airports, Kennedy Airport and Newark Liberty, showed
increases of 5.1 percent and 1.1 percent, respectively. But Boston’s
Logan was down 3.6 percent; Pittsburgh, 3.4 percent; and Chicago’s
O’Hare, 3 percent. Not everyone agrees that traffic will stay strong at the big
airports. The cuts will ripple through some of the country’s biggest
hubs, said Joseph P. Schwieterman, a professor at DePaul University and an expert on air
transportation. “Some airports will see a double-digit percentage decline in
flights by late fall,” he added, though most of the cuts are likely to
occur during off-peak flying periods. “All the airlines haven’t
played their hands yet, but at $130 fuel I don’t think there’s much
doubt” that there will be steep cuts in service. The cuts will not be permanent, some industry experts say.
“The reduction in service domestically is a short-term phenomenon,”
said Aaron J. Gellman, a professor of management and strategy at Northwestern University’s Transportation
Center. “This is partly based on the belief that fuel prices will
come down and economic growth will become quite vigorous again,” he said.
“There’s a market out there to be served. I don’t think the
airlines will fail to do so.” In New York, the big change is probably not in the volume of
flights, but in caps imposed by the F.A.A. on the number of landings and
takeoffs that can be scheduled per hour at Kennedy and Newark. The busy time
now starts earlier in the day, and the total number of flights may rise,
according to the F.A.A. and the Port Authority of New York and New
Jersey. With the old system of peaks and valleys in the level of
operation, controllers could use a normally quiet time to clear out a backlog;
now there are no normally quiet times. The result, said Nancy B. Kalinowski,
vice president of the F.A.A.’s Air Traffic Organization, is that “a
good day should be good, but a bad day will be horrid.” Port Authority officials say delays at New York-area airports have
varied independently of the level of operations, and they are not sure that
thinning out the traffic will reduce delays. “I don’t get the level of delay we’re getting
now,” said William R. DeCota, executive director of aviation at the Port
Authority. The Port Authority opposed the flight caps imposed by the F.A.A. The F.A.A., though, says the caps will help smooth out the traffic
flow. It has a variety of other changes in place, in New York and elsewhere, to
cut delays. Ms. Kalinowski says that “2008 is going to be different from
the summer of 2007. I’m not going to use the word ‘hoping.’
We are planning for it to be different.” To speed up traffic, the F.A.A. is opening new routes for jets
that are equipped with satellite navigation. The routes are separated by 8 to
12 miles — close by traditional standards but a lot of space if the
plane’s location is more precisely known. Those routes are over land, and the agency has taken a parallel
step over the Atlantic, adding paths that airliners equipped with satellite
navigation can follow from the New York area to the Caribbean. Planes flying
over water, where there is no radar, used to be separated laterally by 90
miles; now they are separated by 50. The F.A.A. will also borrow space off the Atlantic coast from the
military this summer, as it did last Thanksgiving and Christmas, but it plans a
more sophisticated approach, with predesignated routes, which will make it
easier for airlines to plan their flights. The F.A.A. also plans to make
requests from the Pentagon longer in advance, on the basis of forecasted
thunderstorms. The agency has also adopted “dispersal headings” for
planes departing from Newark and Philadelphia. Planes leaving those airports
will peel off in different directions earlier in their flights, allowing more
departures each hour. |
